Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication

I. Statement of Purpose A. About the Uniform Requirements B. Potential Users of the Uniform Requirements C. How to Use the Uniform Requirements II. Ethical Considerations in the Conduct and Reporting of Research A. Authorship and Contributorship 1. Byline Authors 2. Contributors Listed in Acknowledgements B. Editorship 1. The Role of the Editor 2. Editorial Freedom C. Peer Review D. Conflicts of Interest 1. Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to Individual Authors’ Commitments 2. Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to Project Support 3. Potential Conflicts of Interest Related to Commitments of Editors, Journal Staff, or Reviewers E. Privacy and Confidentiality 1. Patients and Study Participants 2. Authors and Reviewers F. Protection of Human Subjects and Animals in Research III. Publishing and Editorial Issues Related to Publication In Biomedical Journals A. Obligation to Publish Negative Studies B. Corrections, Retractions, and “Expressions of Concern” C. Copyright D. Overlapping Publications 1. Duplicate Submission 2. Redundant Publication 3. Acceptable Secondary Publication 4. Competing Manuscripts based on the Same Study a. Differences in Analysis or Interpretation b. Differences in Reported Methods or Results 5. Competing Manuscripts Based on the Same Database E. Correspondence F. Supplements, Theme Issues, and Special Series G. Electronic Publishing H. Advertising I. Medical Journals and the General Media J. Obligation to Register Clinical Trials IV. Manuscript Preparation and Submission A. Preparing a Manuscript for Submission to Biomedical Journals 1. General Principles and Reporting Guidelines a. General Principles b. Reporting Guidelines for Specific Study Designs 2. Title page 3. Conflict of Interest Notification Page 4. Abstract and